A Permanent Death - Capital Punishment Essays - Penology

A Permanent Death - Capital Punishment Let American Consumer Counseling Help you Get Out of Debt! A Lasting Death - Capital Punishment There are five fundamental reasons that society utilizes while forcing discipline that I've had the option to finish up from my readings. I will examine these cultural ideas and show that the demise punishment doesn't serve to assist them. Therefore William Smith ought to not be dependent upon capital punishment and in reality the equivalent ought to be canceled from our arrangement of discipline. Discouragement Discouragement is fundamentally characterized as the discipline should fit the wrongdoing. Under this idea, the individual submitting the wrongdoing and society are kept from submitting this activity once more. On account of capital punishment, an individual slaughters another human and he is rebuffed for it by death. Discipline should be an impermanent punishment for an illegitimate activity. Demise is a long way from transitory. One is to gain from one's errors. In what manner can the individual learn on the off chance that they are paying for their error with their life? In Ernest van lair Haag's article, The Extreme Punishment: A Defense he expresses, capital punishment is our harshest discipline. It is permanent: it closes the presence of those rebuffed, rather than incidentally detaining them. (Haag, 251). By forcing the capital punishment the individual doesn't gain from their mix-ups and not one or the other does society. Economy Under this idea, discipline ought to be prudent. As Haag brings up, ...the money related expense of engaging a capital sentence is over the top. (Haag, 253). Further, ...actual fiscal costs are bested by the significance of doing equity. (Haag, 253). Also there are explicit expenses related with keeping a detainee waiting for capital punishment, (for example the expense of the extraordinarily constructed jail hinders, the requirement for most extreme security, and so forth.) and that's just the beginning. These expenses obviously out gauge the normal expenses brought about to house a customary prisoner. Discouragement is unmistakably not served by forcing capital punishment and society focuses on equity are frustrated. Compensation Society requests that the discipline ought to fix the mischief it has done. By condemning an individual to death no mischief has been fixed. You can not bring the killed individual back by taking the prisoner's life. Discipline paying little heed to the inspiration isn't proposed to vindicate, counterbalance, or make up for the casualties enduring or to be estimated by it. (Haag, 253). Revenge The people group requests that equity be served. Would equity not similarly be served and in certainty might be better off by life detainment? I trust it would be a more terrible discipline to persevere a lifelong incarceration in jail. The individual is denied of his freedom. He will at that point endure and live a mind-blowing remainder inside three forlorn dividers and a lot of bars. It gives the individual opportunity to think and flounder in his own blame. Somebody executes another. The State at that point continues to murder him for doing as such. This isn't discipline yet vengeance. Vengeance is conflicting with society's requests that equity be served in light of the fact that the discipline needs to fit the wrongdoing. Equity Brennan has demanded that the capital punishment is boorish, cruel, conflicting with human poise what's more, with the pride of life. (Haag, 254). Brennan talks about good objectives. It is ethically off-base for somebody to slaughter somebody. Provided that this is true, at that point the state is submitting an ethically improper act. As it's been said, two wrongs don't make a right. Restoration Society wants for its individuals to reintegrate themselves into society. Discipline incorporates setting up the individual to reemerge society and have a profitable existence. Without question, on the off chance that you force the demise punishment there is no open door for restoration. Review of the William Alvin Smith case William Alvin Smith looted and murdered the proprietor of a supermarket in Georgia when he was 20 years of age. He turned himself to the police and marked an admission. The nearby jury censured Smith to the hot seat however a government judge requested another condemning hearing for Smith in light of the fact that he did not have the capacity to comprehend the hugeness of forgoing his privileges to stay quiet and to have an lawyer present. Smith has the intellectual ability of a ten-year-old. Examination of the William Alvin Smith Case in Relation to Society's Expectations of Punishment William Smith remains before you blameworthy be that as it may, blameworthy of what? That is the issue. I propose to you that the main thing we can denounce William Smith for is being blameworthy of being a youngster also, acting the manner in which a kid would. Let us analyze his activities. William Smith in whatever perspective he was at the time he submitted this demonstration completely recognized that he did in certainty accomplish something incorrectly.

Impact of Social Media on Young Peoples Body Image

Effect of Social Media on Young Peoples Body Image A basic investigation of the ways that media and social media influence youthful people’s self-perception The impact media and internet based life has on youngsters has gotten increasingly conspicuous as of late. Numerous youngsters have low confidence brought about by contrasting themselves with one another on the web. Besides, youngsters are continually encircled by adverts utilizing models with ridiculous body types and it is a direct result of this among different reasons that there are such high reports of youngsters with dietary issues. Most of sources took a gander at in this talk examination originate from an assortment of paper articles just as numerous scholarly sources. The greater part of the paper articles are genuinely later from somewhere in the range of 2009 and 2017 though the scholarly writing is more established with some going back to 2000. This is with the goal that we can see whether there has been a change after some time. This article has been part into three segments. The primary glances at articles upheld up by studies and how they think about, the second glance s at who is at fault for a negative self-perception just as who most articles are composed for, the third area inspects how scholastic writing analyzes to media sources and whether they concur or differ with the discoveries. Figure 1: Instagram An article by The Independent (2017) took a gander at how internet based life can be extremely harming to little youngsters using hashtags, for example, ‘thinsperation’, ‘bonesperation’ and ‘fitsperation’. The article begins by saying that there is a ‘alarmingly enormous number’ of records online that are ‘proano’ and urge individuals to post photographs of their anorexic bodies. The word ‘alarmingly’ recommends that there is a higher measure of records dynamic than would have been normal and in this manner the word is being utilized to unnerve the peruser to give them how huge the issue really is. The article at that point proceeds to discuss an investigation distributed in the Journal of Eating Disorders where they complete a substance examination of hashtags via web-based networking media. The article proceeds to state that the investigation found that there is a ‘staggering’ number of photo graphs internet utilizing these hashtags. In any case, this isn't what the examination was taking a gander at, rather it was investigating three hashtags and what sort of pictures show up under every one (Talbot, C et al, 2017). The article has picked uniquely to utilize the quantity of photographs the examination utilized instead of what the discoveries really were. Just as this, the utilization of the word ‘staggering’ could be viewed as a distortion so as to ingrain dread into the perusers. A large portion of the perusers of papers will in general be guardians and in this way it could be expected that the utilization of language is utilized so as to cause guardians to follow their children’s online life all the more intently. Figure 1 shows a case of what might come up if the hashtag thinsperation was looked. The greater part of the pictures are found clearly and numerous don’t show their faces which could recommend that while they may like flimsy bodie s they might be humiliated or need to keep their characters covered up. A Guardian (2017) article investigated the possibility that photographs of companions via web-based networking media can have the greatest effect on self-perception. It begins by utilizing words, for example, ‘guilt’ and ‘shame’ which are both pessimistic words that may cause the peruser to interface with the story, particularly if they’ve felt a similar route as the individuals being discussed. The article utilizes an investigation that showed up in the Body Image diary about the effect of appearance correlations with back up its focuses. The paper article expresses that ladies are bound to contrast themselves with one another through photographs via web-based networking media as opposed to through different types of media. Nonetheless, the study’s fundamental finding was that negative examinations happen most often when up close and personal contrasted with on the web (Fardouly, J et al, 2017). The article neglected to make reference to this and chose to choose data that would back up their story instead of what the investigation really found. This article makes reference to the effect on self-perception when all is said in done as opposed to a particular sexual orientation. In any case, they just centered around an investigation with a little example size of just 160 individuals and they were all young ladies. An investigation utilizing a little example size may not be as exact as utilizing various examinations or an investigation with an enormous example size and in this way the outcomes would not have the option to be summed up to a more extensive populace. Figure 2: https://themirrorreflects.wordpress.com/2013/01/13/genuine barbies/ Barbies have regularly gone under analysis for giving young ladies unreasonable desires for self-perception, as found in figure 2. An article composed for a dietary problem help site asserts that 90% of individuals that endure with a dietary problem are young ladies between the ages of 12 and 25. It proceeds to state that since they are young ladies they in all probability played with Barbies without further ado before getting the sickness. This article is stating that there is an immediate relationship between's playing with Barbies and getting a dietary issue. It additionally expresses that guardians should be cautious while picking what toys their kids can play with in light of the fact that they build up a basic eye since the beginning. Not exclusively is this article censuring Barbie dolls for prompting dietary issues however it is additionally reprimanding guardians for picking an inappropriate toys for their youngsters (Mirror, 2016). An article composed for the American Psych iatric Association (2016) claims that American youngsters matured three to ten years of age own a normal of eight Barbies. While, the Mirror article guarantees that a similar matured children have a normal of ten. Along these lines, this recommends this article might be overstating the numbers to conceivably attempt to panic guardians into changing their propensities if the numbers appeared to be progressively extraordinary. A diary distributed in 2006 backs up these focuses by saying that it is explicitly the Barbie doll that causes self-perception issues contrasted with different dolls. In any case, it asserts that the higher age gathering of 7  ½ to 8  ½ were not influenced by Barbies however were rather influenced by the more precisely formed Emme doll as they saw this one to be overweight. This likewise backs up the above articles as it says that ecological boosts can have an impact at an early stage in life since they start to disguise the Barbie picture. Most of articles examine how ladies are influenced by media be that as it may, men are influenced as well. An article from The Sun (2017) centers around how men are influenced. It guarantees that ‘male competitors are multiple times bound to get a dietary issue contrasted with typical blokes’ yet it neglects to state where it has gotten its realities from. All through the article the word ‘expert’ is continually used to give insights, anyway there is no notice of any investigations to back up these focuses and consequently the exploration may not be precise. Besides, the title proposes that the article would be about internet based life, anyway it is just referenced quickly once toward the start thus consequently the article is misdirecting. An article composed for the site Adiosbarbie (2015), a site that intends to extend ideas encompassing self-perception, discusses how men don’t report dietary problems since they are advised to ‘be a man†™. This article shows that there are a bigger number of men than you might suspect battling with dietary issues however they just don’t stand up. It is likewise written in a substantially more casual style and addresses the peruser utilizing phrases like ‘we must’ which may propose that they are attempting to associate with the peruser about the issue. A further article (casapalmera.com, 2009) thinks about dietary issues in people and it is obvious to see that there is a distinction in language being utilized while depicting every one. When discussing young men the article utilizes expressions, for example, ‘chiselled abs’ or ‘muscular’ which both depict a tough individual, contrasted with words, for example, ‘waif-thin’ which are utilized to portray young ladies. This recommends while both are influenced by dietary problems the impacts and their perspectives are totally extraordinary. In 2017 a film was acknowledged called ‘To The Bone’ which follows the tale of a young lady engaging anorexia. This film got a great deal of reaction as it was supposed to glamorize dietary problems. One article by The Sun (2017) utilized words like ‘shockingly’, ‘worryingly’ and ‘chilling’ to depict the impact it has had on young ladies battling with dietary problems. These words are for the most part solid words and in this manner an individual perusing this article might be convinced that they shouldn’t let their youngster watch it as it might prompt them having negative musings. They likewise utilize the expression ‘experts hammer the show’ without giving the name of the specialists they are discussing. By utilizing the word ‘expert’ it makes an article increasingly reasonable. The Independent (2017) likewise talked about the film guaranteeing that they have the depiction of anorexia wrong. Notwi thstanding, they go through different articles to back their focuses and utilize less cruel words when adversely talking about the film. Just as this, instead of saying that they are ‘glamorising’ anorexia as The Sun does, they state that they are ‘trivialising’ it proposing that it’s been over improved. Besides, it doesn’t talk about the film in a negative manner in light of the fact that it’s a trigger however it examines the view of sexual orientation in the film and portraying the principle character as a youthful, white female. They guarantee that these generalizations are off base. In this way, looking at these two articles it is obvious to see that The Sun utilizes a lot harsher language to impart dread into the peruser while The Independent uses a lot milder language and talks about issues encompassing the theme. Articles

Terrorist Attacks and Risk Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Psychological oppressor Attacks and Risk Assessment - Essay Example As indicated by the exploration discoveries, it can, accordingly, be said that as much as dread assaults impart dread, the psychological militant does as such to get the objective government to react to their requests. In the course of the most recent decade, this methodology has worked for the fear based oppressor in any case the endeavors by most governments in annihilating psychological warfare, raising the hazard and probabilities of dread assaults in future. The vulnerability encompassing dangers of fear assaults is undeniable, making hazard appraisal troublesome. In the U.S., Homeland Security is the body entrusted with the obligation of surveying the danger of fear assaults. Country Security has figured a model that investigations the danger of assault from three points of view; the risk presented, defenselessness to assaults and the results of an assault. It has likewise arranged the hazard into either resource based or geologically based assaults. These improvements by Homel and Security have helped in upgrading readiness, capacity to ensure or react to fear assaults. Taking everything into account, the present hazard evaluation isn't adequate for any legislature to guarantee its kin assurance from fear assaults.

Too Much Commitment The Paradox of Marriage in Adventure - Literature Essay Samples

In â€Å"Adventure† from Sherwood Anderson’s Winesburg, Ohio, the protagonist, Alice Hindman, embodies the truth of marriage. As Alice’s story demonstrates, however, marriage leads to two seemingly contradictory traits when it is taken as a personal truth to be lived. On the one hand, marriage means that Alice is committed, because she is loyal to Ned Currie, even though he is not interested in her anymore, and she refuses to forget about him. On the other hand, her insistence on marriage also leads Alice to isolation, as she ages all alone, not allowing anyone to enter her life. Thus, Alice is a grotesque, according to Anderson’s definition of the term, because in trying to embrace marriage, Alice becomes both committed and isolated, portraying the paradox at the heart of marriage and showing that no truth is simple once it is lived. In insisting on marriage, Alice embodies commitment in her approach to love and sexuality. At the beginning of the story, when Alice and Ned Currie become sexually intimate, Ned told her he loved her and that they would live happily together. Having that idea stuck in her head, Alice waits for Ned, feeling she is committed to him and never losing faith in being with him, even though he is far away. At first, Alice did not feel she was important to Ned, but once they become intimate she feels loved by him because he says, ‘â€Å"Now, we will have to stick to each other, whatever happens, we will have to do that†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Anderson, 99). Because Ned makes this promise, she has faith that Ned will come back for her; therefore, she waits for him. Feeling she has that commitment to Ned, Alice does not talk to other men, for she feels as if she would be betraying Ned. She tells herself, â€Å"‘I am Ned’s wife and shall remain his wife whether he comes back or notà ¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬  (Anderson,100). Even though she is not Ned’s wife, she thinks if she dates other men Ned will be hurt and that is not the right thing to do if you are married to someone. Throughout â€Å"Adventure†, there is no evidence of Alice talking to anyone other than herself. Alice goes to work every day, but she saves all her money for her and Ned. She wants to save it because she wants it for Ned rather than for herself: ‘â€Å"Ned always wanted to travel, I’ll give him a chance. Some day when we are married and I can save both his money and my own, we will be rich. Then we can travel together all over the world.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Anderson, 101). Because Alice is very committed to Ned and does not see beyond him, she has no other attachments; we do not encounter Alice having any afternoon activities or family commitments. All Alice sees in her future is her life with Ned, remaining married to him in both her actions and her emotions. However, Alice’s commitment leads paradoxically to its reverse as well, for Alice also becomes entirely isolated by her refusal to give up on Ned. Because she waits for Ned for a very long time, she does not focus on her own life, only concentrating on her imagined and anticipated marriage with Ned. Therefore, one day she realizes she has never been married to Ned and she has been all alone since he left; thus, she tells herself, ‘â€Å"It is not going to come to me. I will never find happiness. Why do I tell myself lies?†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Anderson, 102). Becoming aware of the reality Alice has been living on, she realizes how long she has been waiting for Ned and how she was never happy while waiting for him. Seeing that Alice does not talk to any men, men start losing interest in her and stop talking to her. She then begins feeling the absence of men being she pushed them away because she thought she would be betraying Ned if she talked to them, but Ned had already forg otten her. However, if she were to date other men, she would do it because Ned will want her and like her better; she tells herself, ‘â€Å"I am becoming old and queer. If Ned comes he will not want me†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Anderson, 103). Therefore, she tries to go out with a drug clerk, but later realizes she is governed made by the fear of being solitary than by true desire to be with Ned: â€Å"‘It is not him that I want, I want to avoid being so much alone. If I am not careful I will grow unaccustomed to being with people’† (Anderson, 103). Alice, becoming aware that she is â€Å"becoming old and queer† (Anderson, 103), is frightened by the loneliness of her position in life. Therefore, at age twenty-five, she becomes a member of the Winesburg Methodist Church, so that she does something else other than thinking of Ned. Time passes by very quickly and Alice becomes conscious of how in the past years she has been an isolated woman who has not accomplished anything in her life. She has no friends because she does not see beyond Ned, thus, has no life on her own because she has more interest in Ned returning and being with him than in her own personal life and goals. When Alice saves all her money for her and Ned, she is not fully aware that saving all that money affects her because she is not thinking on herself and on her necessities. Because Alice is extremely isolated and has no experience at socializing with other people; one cold, dark, rainy night; she runs outside, she runs towards a man who is unable to hea r and shouts, for she wants the attention she had not received since Ned had left her. But before reaching the man, she becomes aware of what she is about to do, and feeling ashamed of herself, drops to the cold grass and crawls back home feeling penitent. She then thinks: ‘â€Å"What is the matter with me? I will do something dreadful if I am not careful’, and began trying to force herself to face bravely the fact that many people must live and die alone, even in Winesburg† (Anderson, 105). Because Ned left Alice, she did nothing other than wait for him; hence, she grew all alone becoming old and queer. Thus, Anderson’s â€Å"Adventure† portrays the paradox at the heart of marriage. Anderson shows that to be married is to be both committed and isolated because to be committed requires you to abandon some things for others, and if you leave all your priorities for someone else, you will become isolated and be left with nothing. Alice is thus a grotesque because Alice cannot be simply committed; Alice must also be just the reverse, becoming isolated in her efforts to assert the truth of marriage as her own personal truth.

Analysis Of David Brooks s Hurricane Katrina - 950 Words

The essay that David brooks wrote about hurricane Katrina is a sarcastic bitter piece taking jabs at government, who he blames for the catastrophe. Specifically, he pointed out their plan of action toward the hurricane they knew was coming. Many from New Orleans were angry that the government did little to help them from this dangerous storm. In his essay brooks stated, â€Å"Katrina was the most anticipated natural disaster in American history, and still government managed to fail at every level.† The plan was supposedly so well planned out, but didn t prevent all this disaster from happening, and brooks mocks it several times using sarcasm and over-exaggeration as his main weapon. Statistics show that 75% of the African Americans in New Orleans were affected compared to the 15% of African Americans in the Biloxi-Gulfport metropolitan area (Cutter and Gall, 5). It also states, â€Å"The calamitous combination of insured development certainly accounts for much of hurricane katrina’s damage, specifically in New Orleans.† All levels of government failed to do their part, which includes state and local government. The author, Brooks, is bitter about how the whole situation was handled. The citizens were essentially left to defend for themselves instead of getting the support they needed. Obviously, the government could and should have made a more efficient plan to rescue and protect its citizens from a huge disaster. Because they failed to do so, they have to pay both the monetaryShow MoreRelated_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesto Statistics and Data Analysis This page intentionally left blank Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis Third Edition Roxy Peck California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Chris Olsen George Washington High School, Cedar Rapids, IA Jay Devore California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Australia †¢ Brazil †¢ Canada †¢ Mexico †¢ Singapore †¢ Spain †¢ United Kingdom †¢ United States Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis, Third Edition Roxy PeckRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pagespaper containing 10% postconsumer waste. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 QDB/QDB 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 978-0-07-811257-7 MHID 0-07-811257-5 Vice President Editor-in-Chief: Brent Gordon Vice President, EDP/Central Publishing Services: Kimberly Meriwether-David Editorial Director: Paul Ducham Managing Developmental Editor: Laura Hurst Spell Developmental Editor: Jane Beck Associate Marketing Manager: Jaime Halteman Project Manager: Erin Melloy Buyer: Kara Kudronowicz Design Coordinator: Margarite ReynoldsRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesLeadership Chapter 2 Organization Strategy and Project Selection 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 1.4.1 Managing the portfolio 1.4.3 Strategy and projects 2.3 Stakeholders and review boards 12.1 RFP’s and vendor selection (.3.4.5) 11.2.2.6 SWAT analysis 6.5.2.7 Schedule compression 9.4.2.5 Leadership skills G.1 Project leadership 10.1 Stakeholder management Chapter 11 Teams Chapter 3 Organization: Structure and Culture 2.4.1 Organization cultures [G.7] 2.4.2 Organization structureRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesfollowing classification of cases by subject matter to be helpful. I thank those of you who made this and other suggestions. Classification of Cases by Major Marketing Topics Topics Most Relevant Cases Marketing Research and Consumer Analysis Coca-Cola, Disney, McDonald’s, Google, Starbucks Product Starbucks, Nike, Coke/Pepsi, McDonald’s, Maytag, Dell, Hewlett-Packard, Newell Rubbermaid, DaimlerChrysler, Kmart/Sears, Harley-Davidson, Boeing/Airbus, Merck, Boston Beer, Firestone/Ford

Childhood Obesity One Of The Most Serious Public Health...

Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health problems in the 21st century. According to PMC, the US Library of National Health and Medicine and National Institutes of Health, over 42 million children under the age of five are obese worldwide in 2010, and that number continues to ascend at an alarming rate. Obesity occurs the body stores an excess amount of fat, and is more than what the person needs to survive. Some scientists have argued that males are considered obese when they are 25 percent over their ideal body weight, meanwhile, females are thirty percent. Regardless of these scientific calculations, the storage of excess fat is caused by many factors that leads to many health complications. Many variables cause obesity. There is not one factor that could have been linked to the cause of this serious health issue alone. Factors can be genetic or nongenetic. If obesity is genetic, then it cannot be controlled, but on the flip side, if it can be controlled, then obesity was influenced by the environment the child resides in. Children can inherit genes that leads to obesity and eventually, diabetes. Some mutated genes have been discovered that contributes to obesity; however, none of the mutated genes can cause the health issue alone (PMC). A person with a family history of obesity is double or triple of becoming overweight compared to those who do not have one. Studies have shown that genetic is the biggest cause of obesity, but needs to be coupled withShow MoreRelatedU.s School Food Regulation For Public Schools Essay1543 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican public schools have poor nutrition, and it causes obesity in teenagers. As a former student of the American public school systems, the condition of the food has been a problem for years. Over the past two decades, obesity has been an issue in the U.S, and it is due to poor school nutrition. 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Poetry Anthology Essay Example For Students

Poetry Anthology Essay I have enjoyed putting this anthology of poems together and I hope you enjoy reading them too. I intend to continue adding to the anthology as and when I find poems that I like. Michael Medieval 06 January 2015 Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night by Dylan Thomas Do not go gentle into that good night,10th age should burn and rave at close of day;0 Rage,0 rage against the dying of the light. Though wise men at their end know dark is right,because their words had forked no lightning theyd not go gentle into that good night. Good men,0 the last wave by,0 crying how brighter frail deeds might eve danced in a green rage against the dying of the light. Wild men who caught and sang the sun in flight,and learn,0 too late,0 they grieved it on its way,do not go gentle into that good night. Grave men,0 near death,0 who see with blinding sightline eyes could blaze like meteors and be rage against the dying of the light. And you,0 my father,0 there on the sad bless,0 me now with your fierce tears,0 1 pray. Do not go gentle into that good night. Rage,0 rage against the dying of the light. I chose this poem because it says that old men at the ends of their lives should resist death as strongly as they can. In fact,0 he says that they should only leave kicking and screaming,o trying to stay alive. As I read this I began to realize that maybe someone in his life is dying. On the sixth and final verse I realized that he is talking about his own father. The first time you read this poem you may not understand how thoughtful this poem is he refers to death as the night because death is associated with darkness and being isolated from other people. This poem is very meaningful because Dylan Thomas wrote a poem about his father dying and not only that but what he thought about it and how it effects him. This is showing that he is vulnerable and helpless. When I examined this poem closer I began to realize that this poem is not Just about death but about life and how we live it. Dylan Thomas tells the reader that when you die you should not do it without a fight. This poem can be split into 3 parts,0 the first is the introduction of the poets message,0 the next is the next for stanzas giving examples of what he is really feeling in the third part when we realize that he is talking about his father. In the first stanza,0 second line it says Old age should burn and rave at the close of ay;0 Rage,0 rage against the dying of that light and to me this is expressing that we should fight death and leave in glory. When he says light he means darkness which is often used as a metaphor for death. To me Dylan Thomas is a very inspirational poet and this particular poem shows this because it means he is not afraid to tell others what he is thinking especially on this emotional topic. I first discovered Dylan Thomas marvelous poems a few months ago when I went to Wales and visited the National Library of Wales Dylan Thomas was welsh and a folk hero there. 6 How do I love thee? Y Elizabeth Barrett Browning How do I love thee? Let me count the ways. I love thee to the depth and bare and height My soul can reach,0 when feeling out of sight For the ends of and ideal Grace. I love thee to the level of everyday Most quiet need,0 b and candlelight. I love thee freely,0 as men might strive for Right;0 1 love purely,0 as they turn from Praise. I love thee with the passion put to use I old grief,0 and with my childhoods faith. I love thee with a love I seemed t With my lost saints,o-l love thee with the breath,0 Smiles,0 tears,0 of all my and,0 if God choose,0 I shall but love thee better after death. This sonnet caught my attention because the the repetition of I love thee SSH the emphasis of her love. This is said eight times and reflects her passion all her constant feeling of love . Elizabeth Barrett Borrowings sonnet was written she married Robert Browning to express her intense love for him. Although it does not follow the precise rhyme scheme of an Italian sonnet,0 t poems structure follow the form of an Italian sonnet,0 consisting of an octave first eight lines,0 and the sestets,0 the final six lines. Sonnet 43 was her most f memos out of 44 that she wrote. From a Railway Carriage by Robert Louis Stevenson Faster than fairies,0 faster than witches,0 Bridges and houses,0 hedges and ditches;0 And charging along like troops in a battle All through the meadows the horses and cattle: All of the sights of the hill and the plain Fly as thick as driving rain;0 And ever again,0 in the wink of an eye,0 Painted stations whistle by. Here is a child who clambers and scrambles,o All by himself and gathering brambles;o Here is a tramp who stands and gazes;0 And here is the green for stringing the daisies! "A Country Club Romance" by Derek Walcott and "Two Old Black Menace" comparison EssayI was a child and she was a child,0 In this kingdom by the sea,0 But we loved with a love that was more than love-? I and my Enable Lee-? With a love that the winged seraphs of Heaven Coveted her and me. And this was the reason that,0 long ago,0 A wind blew out of a cloud,0 chilling My beautiful Enable Lee;0 So that her highborn kinsmen came And bore her away from me,0 To shut her up in a sepulcher In this kingdom by the sea. The angels,0 not half so happy in Heaven,0 Went Ewing her and me-? Yes! -?that was the reason (as all men know,0 In this kingdom by the sea) That the wind came out of the cloud by night,0 Chilling and killing my Enable Lee. But our love it was stronger by far than the love Of those who were older than we-? Of many far wiser than we-? And neither the angels in Heaven above Nor the demons down under the sea Can ever dissever my soul from the soul Of the beautiful Enable Lee;0 For the moon never beams,0 without bringing me dreams And the stars never rise,0 but I feel the bright eyes And so,0 all the night-tide,o I lie down by the side Of my darling-?my darling-?my life and my bride,0 In her sepulcher there by the sea-? In her tomb by the sounding sea. The story line of this poem is about a man writing about his beloved wife,0 their true love and how it cannot be broken. Even though she died,0 their love was still strong. They where still young when they realized that they were soul mates and their love lasted forever. They overcame all difficulties and he never lost hope believing their love transcends death. I like this poe m because it is also about how people cope with bereavement. Our Little Star by Anton Medieval You lie within your world,0 Thats strewn across your bed,0 Across the duvet,0 curled,0 On literature youve fed. Your phone,0 it gently sings,0 With friends whove lots to say,0 You stretch your mind and limbs,0 And push the books away. Amongst undigested poems,0 And a blue skater dress,0 You sleep the sleep of Angels,0 On a bed that looks a mess. My father wrote this poem for me when I was sitting on my bed writing this poetry anthology. I chose to include it in my anthology because the poem reflects the way I am and because he wrote it especially for me and this work. 24 Romance by Walter J Turner When I was but thirteen or so I went into a golden land,0 Chambermaid,o Isotopic Took me by the hand. My father died,0 my brother too,0 They passed like fleeting dreams,0 I stood where Apocalyptic In the sunlight gleams. I dimly heard the masters voice And boys far-off at play,0 Had stolen me away. I walked in a great golden dream To and fro from school-shining Apocalyptic The dusty streets did rule. 25 I walked home with a gold dark boy,0 At first I did not understand this poem but then I realized that a golden land meant that the sunshine of her life had 26 Winter by Shakespeare When icicles hang by the wall And Dick the shepherd blows his nail And Tom bears logs into the hall,0 And milk comes frozen home in pail,0 When Blood is nipped and ways be foul,0 Then nightly sings the staring owl,0 Tu-who;0 Tu-whit,0 TU-who: a merry note,0 While greasy Joan doth keel the pot. When all aloud the wind doth blow,0 And coughing drowns the parsons saw,0 And birds sit brooding in the snow,0 And Marinas nose looks red and raw When roasted crabs hiss in the bowl,0 27 This poem describes an extremely cold winter and gives example of activities common at the time (e. G. Bearing and sawing logs) and conditions which only happen in winter (icicles hang by the wall,0 bird sit brooding in the snow,0 milk comes home frozen in pail). Shakespeare introduces us to the characters present in a way that helps us imagine what they are doing. My favorite line in the poem refers to Dick blowing on the cold nails of his freezing hands 28 Poetry is what? By Adrian Mitchell Poetry is a beautiful mud-pie Washed down with a glassful of stars. Poetry is one of the best ways Of singing to the whole wide world Or whispering in the ear of your best friend. Poetry tunnels you out of your dungeon. Poetry captures the three-headed dragon. And teaches it Loud and Frisbee-throwing. Poetry is a Mammoth in a shopping mall,0 A beggar with no legs in Disneyland.

Organic Products Essay Example

Organic Products Essay Definition of Ecopreneurship The term â€Å"ecopreneur† is derived from two terms which are â€Å"entrepreneur† and â€Å"ecology. An entrepreneur is a person who undertakes innovations, finance and business acumen in an effort to transform innovations into economic goods and who accepts the risks associated with them. (Schaper, Michael. 2002) He can be anyone who identifies an opportunity in a market and has a belief that it would succeed in the economy and on that belief he starts exploiting the opportunity. They may create a new organization or may be a part of an existing organization where they revitalize the organization in response to their perceived opportunity. Generally, the word entrepreneur is used to denote a person who starts a new business but with time and more understanding of the subject, the revised definition of an   entrepreneur also includes â€Å"intrapreneurs†, that is an entrepreneur operating within a corporate environment. Entrepreneurs are the strategic factors in economic development and the central factors in the trade cycle as they are the driving force of an economy. Ecology or environmental biology is the branch of biology which takes into consideration the examination of living organisms in the natural environment. It includes the study of individuals, populations, communities, and ecosystems. (Goliath. 2002). The ecology has reached enormous importance in the last years because of man’s interest in the environment in which he lives and to find ways to protect the environment in order to make it sustainable. The word ecopreneur is a portmanteau of â€Å"ecological† and â€Å"entrepreneur. An ecopreneur is an individual who is focused on ecologically-friendly issues and causes, attempting to do business in a way which benefits the environment. He may not be a person or entity only involved in products like solar powered cells, water conservation system or compostable packaging. In fact, an ecopreneur is anyone who ranks environment more than or equally to profits as his most effective criteria as a business owner (reuters, 2007) . While many entrepreneurs may be motivated, at least in part, to the mantra of â€Å"greed is great† on their journey to becoming a millionaire, growing numbers of ecopreneurs are adopting a different course, focusing on solving the problems facing society through the businesses they create, greening their bottom line. Many are redefining their wealth, as we have, not by the size of their bank account or square footage of their home. Wealth is defined by life’s tangibles: health, wellness, meaningful work, vibrant community life and family. †(John Ivanko. . The main aim of an ecopreneur is to build a firm which is more sustainable and environmentally friendly. Sustainability development is a pattern of resource use such that it not only meets present human needs, but also preserves the environment so that the resource can also be utilized by the future generations. Sustainable business, or green business, is enterprise that has no negative impact on the global or local environment, community, society, or economy—a business that strives to meet the triple bottom line (people, planet and profit). We will write a custom essay sample on Organic Products specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Organic Products specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Organic Products specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Often, sustainable businesses have progressive environmental and human rights policies. In general, business is described as green if it matches the following four criteria: * It incorporates principles of sustainability into each of its business decisions. * It supplies environmentally friendly products or services that replace demand for nongreen products and/or services. * It is greener than traditional competition. * It has made an enduring commitment to environmental principles in its business operations. Who is an Ecopreneur An entrepreneur whose business efforts are not only driven by profit, but also by a concern for the environment†. (Schuyler. 1998). The terms such as â€Å"Sustainopreneur†, â€Å"environmental Entrepreneur† and â€Å"eco capitalist† are synonymous with ecopreneur. The characteristics of ecopreneur are: * They all undertake business ventures which involves a measure of risk * They must identify a feasible business opportunity * Th eir activities must have a positive impact on the environment. * The degree of intentionality separates ecopreneur from accidental entrepreneurs. Principles of ecopreneurship There are some basic principles and measurements that can help guide the practice of ecopreneur and provide some basic standards of principle to this emerging group. 1. Energy and Resource Use Efficiency and Maximization: â€Å"In nature, one-way linear flows do not long survive. Nor, by extension, can they long survive in the human economy that is a part of the earths ecosystem. The challenge is to redesign the materials economy so that it is compatible with the ecosystem†. (Lester Brown. Earth Policy Institute). By minimizing waste production and maximizing reuse of waste streams, sustainable business can potentially significantly increase profits. 2. Ecosystem Services: Services related to protection of ecosystem and natural resources and preventing environmental degradation can be an inspiration for a green business idea for ecopreneurs. 3. Natural step principles: Ecopreneurs can see potential risks, such as extinction of substances extracted from the Earth’s crust or overharvesting etc, as opportunities for success through green business. 4. Eco- efficiency and eco-effectiveness: Ecopreneurs should find methods of decreasing waste while increasing productivity such that the waste of the production process and the product itself can be the raw materials of a new product of service. Drivers and Challenges The driving forces behind ecopreneurship are as follows: 1. Global population growth: Ecopreneurs realize that as the resources and land area is limited, so it is their responsibility to ensure that there are enough resources not only to fulfill the needs of the current population which is growing continuously, but also for the future generations. Hence they should find ways to conserve energy, materials, and resources by developing new technologies or finding ways to control birth rate and finding ways to meet the food and shelter demand for the growing population in order to make sustainability possible. 2. Increasing life expectancy: Ecopreneurs value life, not only their own and of family members, but of the whole humanity. They want everyone to live a longer and healthier life, that is why they develop products and ways to increase life expectancy such as healthier food, purified water etc. . Climate change: Climate shapes the way we live on this planet and the way we live, work and play is advertently changing the climate. The pollutants released in the air due to use of fossil fuels is adversely affecting the climate. In order to sustain the climate, ecopreneurs are involved in finding alternate ways to produce energy such as using wind, water and solar energy. 4. Resource scarcity: The diminishing natural resources are a great issue as we will be left with no natural resources if we do not sustain them. In order to sustain them, ecopreneurs constantly look for alternatives by recycling them or using a cheaper, abundantly available resource if possible. 5. Lack of equity in the world: The people of the world are living in a continuum, with one end which has all the facilities of the world including the best quality food, water and home, while on the other end are people who do not even have the basic necessities of life. Ecopreneurs want to make sure that every living being on the world is treated equally so that no one is deprived of anything. That is why they are active members of movements such as WTO and also find ways to produce goods and services affordable by everyone. They are also involved in philanthropic acts such as giving charity donations to help the deprived people of the society (Environlution, 2010). Organic Food as Eco Friendly Product Organic foods are foods that are produced using methods that do not involve modern synthetic inputs such as synthetic pesticides and chemical fertilizers, do not contain genetically modified organisms, and are not processed using irradiation, industrial solvents, or chemical food additives. For the vast majority of human history, agriculture can be described as organic; only during the 20th century was a large supply of new synthetic chemicals introduced to the food supply. The organic farming movement arose in the 1940s in response to the industrialization of agriculture known as the Green Revolution. Organic food production is a heavily regulated industry, distinct from private gardening. Currently, the European Union, the United States, Canada, Japan and many other countries require producers to obtain special certification in order to market food as organic within their borders. ORGANIC VERSUS CONVENTIONALLY- PRODUCED FOOD Although the attributes associated with organic foods may be difficult to identify by visual inspection alone, most consumers purchase organic products because of a perception that these products have unique (and in some cases superior) attributes compared to conventionally grown alternatives (Vindigni et. al, 2002). On the other hand, a major rea son why some consumers do not purchase organic foods is linked to a perception that such foods are not better than their conventionally produced alternatives (Jolly et al. 1989). There is, thus, a continuing debate about whether organically produced products are superior to and/or different from conventionally produced alternatives and, if so, in terms of what characteristics. * CONSUMER AWARENESS AND KNOWLEDGE ABOUT ORGANIC FOOD The environmental ethic that gained worldwide prominence with Earth Day 1990 placed emphasis on individual responsibility (for personal health) and social action (on environmental quality and animal welfare) (MacEachern 1990; Jolly, 1991). Personal responsibilities include making informed consumer choices. This, in turn, requires consumer knowledge and awareness about competing products. Knowledge and awareness have other direct and indirect effects on attitudes toward consumer products, and the willingness to pay a price premium. Because organic products are credence goods, consumers (unlike producers who are aware that their products are organic) may not know whether a product is produced using organic or conventional methods, not even after repeated purchase and consumption, unless they are told so (Giannakas, 2002). Thus, awareness and knowledge about organically produced foods are critical in the consumer purchase decisions. If an individual cannot clearly differentiate between two alternative products, a price premium on the organic product can confuse and/or affect the individual’s purchasing decision, in favor of the cheaper product. Most studies on consumer knowledge about organic products reflect a conceptual belief that is true and justified. Consequently, studies typically use measurement methods that essentially rely on correctness to answers on survey questionnaire (Hunt, 2003). Correct (or incorrect) responses imply that the respondent has knowledge (or does not have knowledge) about organic foods and products. Hunt (2003) has noted some limitations associated with such a narrow definition of consumer knowledge, and proposed a wider definition and measurement that captures other important, but often neglected, dimensions of knowledge. Studies that investigated the level of consumer awareness and knowledge about organic foods include Jolly et al. (1989), Ekelund (1990), Akgungor et al. 1997), Hutchins and Greenhalgh (1997), Wang et al. (1997), Compagnoni et al. (2000), Environics (2001), Oystein et al. (2001), Kenano? lu and Karahan (2002), Cunningham (2002), Demeritt (2002), Hill and Lynchehaun (2002). A critical review of these studies suggests that, overall, there is some consumer awareness about organic foods around the world. This awareness is high especially in Western Europe, where the organic market is relatively well developed, compared to other reg ions of the world. Consumer awareness of organic products in North America compares reasonably well with that of Western Europe. Although there is general consumer awareness around the world, the literature also suggests that consumers have inconsistent interpretations about what is ‘organic’. For example, in a survey of consumers in three California counties, Jolly et al. (1989) found that respondents associated organic produce with no pesticides, no artificial fertilizer, no growth regulators, and residue-free products. Similarly, survey respondents in the UK perceived ‘organic farming’ to imply absence of chemicals, ‘absence of growth hormones’, and ‘not intensively grown’ or ‘products grown naturally’ (Hutchins and Greenhalgh, 1997). In a more recent study for the UK, respondents described organically produced food as one that is more natural and healthy, compared to conventional food (Hill and Lynchehaun, 2002). Furthermore, there was no difference in the UK consumers’ understanding of â€Å"organic† among organic and non-organic food buyers. In other words, both buyers of organic and non-organic products felt that organic alternatives have no pesticides and/or use no chemical fertilizers, and are natural and healthy. In contrast, Jolly (1991) reported a substantial difference in how US buyers and non-buyers rated organic product quality, compared to conventionally grown products. Consumer knowledge and awareness will continue to be important in the organic food market in two respects. First, there is still a segment of the potential market that is not yet informed about organic foods. For example, in a US study which reported that knowledge and awareness was considered the number one reason why consumers do not buy organic food, 59% respondents indicated that they never considered organic products because they did not know about them (Demeritt, 2002). A second dimension to the knowledge and awareness puzzle is the possibility that those who do not consider organic products may have a general knowledge about them, but do not have enough detailed information to clearly differentiate the unique attributes of organic from conventionally grown alternatives. In summary, knowledge and awareness about organic products can affect attitudes and perceptions about the product and, ultimately, buying decisions. If the skepticism about organic products stemming, in part, from reported cases of mislabeling and fraud are assuaged, perceptions about the appeal and inherent characteristics of organic may translate into actual demand. * CONSUMER ATTITUDES AND PERCEPTIONS Consumers actions regarding organic food stem from attitudes that in turn, are linked to a complex set of ideas, motivations and experiences. Beliefs and perceptions are highly subjective notions (Fishbein and Ajzein, 1975), because they reflect opinions about the objective state of the world. Although in reality such perceptions may or may not be true, the individual who holds the perception thinks that it is true. Given Lancasters (1966) notion that consumers demand bundles of product characteristics, perceptions about particular (desirable) characteristics of organic food can influence a buyers choice. Studies on consumer perceptions about organic versus conventionally produced food therefore attempt to determine what consumers think is true. By comparison, consumer attitudes are likes and dislikes. That is, the positive and negative orientations toward organic or conventionally grown food. Weistberg et al. (1996) argued that consumer preference for a particular product is based on attitudes toward available alternatives. Thus if consumers are asked to indicate their preferences regarding organically versus conventionally produced food, such respondents typically compare their attitudes toward the methods of purchasing the goods, and/or the product characteristics under consideration, before stating their preferences. Although particular attitudes are often assumed to lead to specific behaviors, the food and nutrition science and social-psychological literature provide limited evidence to support the assumption (Goldman and Clancy, 1991; Sims, 1980). Overall, the scholarly literature suggests that various consumer attitudes work in contrasting ways- for and against purchasing organic products. Several consumer studies have been undertaken in North America and Europe to assess consumer perceptions about organic foods (e. g. Hay, 1989; Ott, 1990; Huang et al, 1990, Huang et al, 1993; Misra et al, 1991; Jolly et al, 1989; Jolly, 1991; Goldman and Clancy, 1991; Ekelund, 1990; Baker and Crosbie, 1993; Swanson and Lewis, 1993; Groff et al, 1993; Sylvander, 1993; Buzby and Kees, 1994; Byrne et al, 1994; Fricke and von Alvensleben, 1997; Hack, 1997; Hutchins and Greenlagh, 1997; The Packer, 1998; Thompson and Kidwell, 1998; Oystein et al, 2001, O’Donovan and McCarthy, 2002; Jolly, 2001; The Packer, 2001; Demeritt, 2002; Wolf, 2002; Cunningham, 2002). The key findings from selected studies on consumers’ attitudes and preferences about organic foods are summarized in Table 4. Most of these studies concluded that consumers purchase organic foods because of a perception that such products are safer, healthier, and more environmental friendly than conventionally produced alternatives. Some studies reported health and food safety as the number one quality attribute considered by organic product buyers. Concern for the environment was less important compared to food safety and health concerns, suggesting that such consumers might rank private or personal benefits higher than the social benefits of organic agriculture. * CONSUMER PREFERENCES FOR ORGANIC FOOD Consumer preference for organic food is based on a general perception that organic products have more desirable characteristics than conventionally grown alternatives. Apart from health, food safety and environmental considerations, several other product characteristics such as nutritive value, taste, freshness, appearance, color and other sensory characteristics influence consumer preferences (Bourn and Prescott, 2002). Studies that investigated the effect of organic quality attributes and other characteristics on consumer preferences include Jolly et al. , 1989; Hay, 1989; Ekelund, 1990; Jolly, 1991; Jolly and Norris, 1991; Sylvander, 1993; Buzby and Skees, 1994; Huang, 1996; Kyriakopoulos et al. 1997; Schifferstein and Oude-Ophuis, 1998; Akgungor et al. , 1997; Mahesh et al. , 1997; Land, 1998; Torjusen et al. , 1999; The Packer, 2001; Meatnews, 2001; Loureiro et al. , 2001; Aguirre, 2001; Demeritt, 2002; Wolf, 2002; and Cunningham, 2002. These studies differ in several respects, making comparisons across studies difficult. For example, there is inconsistency in defining the concept of quality. Thus, while some studies examined quality in terms of both sensory and nutritive characteristics, others differentiate sensory characteristics from nutritive attributes. Thus, different studies may have conveyed different notions of quality to the various survey respondents. In general, the empirical evidence supports the hypothesis that product quality characteristics affect consumers’ preferences for organic food; with the most important including nutritional value, economic value, freshness, flavor or taste, ripeness, and general appearance (especially of fruits and vegetables). Wolf (2002), for example, reported that respondents in California rated fresh-tasting and fresh-looking grapes as the most desirable attribute. Other North American surveys that ranked taste as the most important quality characteristic influencing consumer demand include The Packer (2002), Cunningham (2002), and Demerit (2002). The Packer (2002) reported that 87% of US respondents identified taste as the primary factor considered in the purchase of fresh produce. Cunningham (2002) also reported that 93% of Canadian respondents prefer food products with good taste. In contrast, studies for other parts of the world (e. g. , Jolly et al. , 1989; Buzby and Skees, 1994; Torjusen et al. 1999) reported that consumers ranked nutritional value and freshness higher than taste and other related quality characteristics. While most studies reviewed for North America tended to suggest that consumers rank taste and related sensory characteristics as more important than food safety and environmental concerns, studies in the other regions (such as the EU) tended to place health and food safety, and environmental concerns at the top of the pr eference ranking (see, for example, Sylvander, 1993; Shifferstein and Oude Ophuis, 1997; Akgungor et al. 1997; Aguirre, 2001; Sandalidou et al. , 2002). What seems clear, and consistent across studies, is that consumers in all regions tend to prefer locally grown organic produce, compared to shipments from other places. In addition, organic product purchase decisions tend to be influenced more by product quality and other inherent characteristics, than by price premium. On the other hand, several studies (e. g. , Sylverstone, 1993; Buzby and Skees, 1994; Davies et al. , 1995; Roddy et al. , 1996; Latacz-Lohman and Foster, 1997, Worner and Meier-Ploeger, 1999; Oystein et al. 2001; Demeritt, 2002; O’Donovan and McCarthy, 2002) reported that price premium, lack of knowledge and product availability were the major reasons preventing non-buyers from purchasing organic food. Demeritt (2002), for example, reported that the most important reason why US consumers did not purchase orga nic food was lack of knowledge or awareness. About 59% of those who did not purchase organic products indicated they never really considered organic, while 39% indicated that price was the main inhibiting factor. Another 16% reported they did not purchase organic foods because of limited availability. Davies et al. (1995) and O’Donovan and McCarthy (2002) also reported product availability and price as key inhibitors to consumers’ demand for organic foods in Ireland. According to Davis (1995), two-thirds of non-buyers of organic food in Ireland reported they would buy organic if it was easily available. By comparison, O’Donovan and McCarthy (2002) reported that among Irish respondents who did not purchase organic food, 43% indicated it was too expensive, 28% cited lack of availability, while 29% were just not interested. Challenges in Organic Food Industry Successful transition from niche to mainstream status The major challenge the organic food industry faces is the successful transition from niche to mainstream status. Although organic foods are becoming more visible in European food retailers, they have yet to acquire broad appeal with consumers. Organic foods are not considered to have mainstream status since a small amount of consumers account for the majority of purchases in most countries. For instance, consumer research shows that 61% of organic foods in the UK are purchased by 7% of consumers. In Denmark, 1% of consumers account for 80% of purchases. Although many consumers are now buying organic foods in European countries, a small consumer base is responsible for the bulk of purchases. This is responsible for slowing growth rates in countries like Denmark and the UK. Organic foods need to have broader consumer appeal if they are to take mainstream status in the food industry and the major challenge faced by many organic food companies is how to expand the loyal consumer base. Prevention of fraudulent business practices A number of cases have been reported in the last couple of years of non-organic food being labelled and sold as organic food. For instance, in May 2001 it was discovered that 20,000 tonnes of non-organic grain was imported and sold as organic grain to unsuspecting British organic farmers and producers. This is a major threat to the industry for consumers purchase organic foods because of the belief that it has been grown according to organic farming principles. The continuation of these fraudulent cases risks undermining consumer confidence in organic foods. Consumer demand for organic foods, especially imported products, could collapse if this type of fraud continues. Continuing political support required for industry development. There is growing pressure to reform the European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and changes are likely in the short term. There is a need for political representation of organic farming. Organic farming needs to be promoted at the ministerial level as a sustainable form of agriculture. The question is: who will take the lead with political change happening on a regular basis due to the growing trend of coalition governments? Protection of price premium Organic foods, because of their nature of production, have a price premium over conventional foods. This can range from 15% for organic milk to over 100% for some organic exotic fruit and specialty cheeses. There is growing pressure for organic food growers and producers to reduce production costs. This pressure comes from retailers, which attempt to narrow the price premium as low as possible in order to encourage consumer demand. The major barrier to product adoption in many countries consumers is the high price. The concern is that this pressure could translate into a compromise in organic standards and the method of production. For instance, organic farmers can be tempted to produce to the lowest standards of organic production in order to cut costs. This is likely to erode consumer confidence and promote divisions in the organic food industry on the lines of organic standards. Recommendations for organic food industry * Food safety, hygienic regulations and consumer protection †¢ Politicians and decision makers should promote the idea of mature and responsible producers and consumers with regard to food safety. Controls and liability for food safety should not be burdened only on the shoulders of governments and authorities. Citizens will relieve authorities by accepting responsibility too. †¢ The duty of governments and authorities will only be to function as controllers of private control services. †¢ Producers, processors, traders and consumers should hold regular meeting s on round tables and develop mutual confidence with the aim to accept together responsibility for food safety. †¢ Fair prices (no dumping prices) for high quality and healthy food are an important precondition to guarantee food safety. The practiced biodynamic farm model to produce a high percentage of the animal feedstuff directly on the farm and use mainly the own fertilizer is a very suitable one to ensure food safety. * Food quality †¢ Creation of consciousness that food quality means more than producing hygienic sound nutrition. †¢ Food quality must not be reduced only to chemical detectable contents. †¢ Conventional food quality analyses should be supplemented by other analytical methods that can detect vital force in foodstuffs. †¢ The production of superior food quality( that fulfils all quality aspects) should be promoted. Education in organic farming †¢ Promoting education of children in schools about organic food and agriculture. †¢ Est ablishing and funding of vocational education programs especially for organic Farming. †¢ Funding of practical studies and training in organic farming organizations. Reference * Website http://www. quicklogodesign. com/blog/ecopreneurship-entrepreneurs-and-ecology. * http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sustainable_business * http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Triple_bottom_line#Definition * http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Principles_of_ecopreneurship * http://academic-papers. rg/ocs2/session/Papers/F6/216-2066-1-DR. doc * http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Organic_food * http://www. just-food. com/analysis/european-organic-food-industry-challenges-future-outlook_id93636. aspx * http://demeter. net/brussels/di_eu_action_plan. pdf * http://www. greenprof. org/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/The-Making-of-the-Ecopreneur. pdf http://www. ajofai. info/Abstract/Consumer%20knowledge%20and%20perception%20about%20organic%20food%20a%20challenge%20for%20consumer%20education%20on%20the%20benefits%20of%20goi ng%20organic. pdf

The Importance of Chemistry essays

The Importance of Chemistry essays We are surrounded everyday by Chemistry. Chemistry was responsible for you car to get you to work, your furnace to heat your home, and your body to turn your breakfast into energy. The coke you drank with your lunch was flavoured by chemistry. Chemistry is often called the central science, because it is vital in the sciences of physics and biology. For example a living organism is a complex chemical factory; by understanding the chemical behaviour scientists can find new ways to treat disease. Chemists have even made it possible to produce crops of food plants that are hardier than the parent strains. Chemists have been able to make lots of useful inventions by using their knowledge of Chemistry. They discovered by mixing some twenty odd chemicals together they could flavour something with the flavour of peaches with out that item of food coming in contact with a single peach. Blend together a few different chemicals and you can create a pleasant smelling liquid, thus revolutionizing the perfume industry. Chemists discovered certain compounds can be used as a non-toxic food perseverant. When we tan is the sun it is a chemical reaction between our skin and the UV rays of the sun. Chemists use their knowledge of the properties of this reaction to create effective sunscreen. ...

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS - Essay Example For instance, logistics involves activities such as customer service, storage, inventory control, packaging, and recycling. Distribution, as stipulated by Kapoor and Kansal (2003) entails physical transportation of commodities from one place to another or from the producers to the consumers. Pull and push strategies are the major marketing action plans used by many organizations. Pull denotes advertising and promoting to ultimate consumers in a bid to create demand whereas push entails tantalizing by means of endorsements (Kapoor and Kansal, 2003). Both of these strategies involve public promotions as well as designing or creating new products to meet the needs of the consumer( Kapoor and Kansal, 2003). However, push marketing strategy involves promoting already available products while in pull strategy, promotions are done and consumers have to wait for the product to be produced (Kapoor and Kansal, 2003). Ashleigh, I agree with your discussion that a distribution channel is the chain that a product goes through from production to consumers. Your example of how geographical location affects distribution channels is also spot-on. I agree that if a product is being produced in Mexico, then the distributors would best be placed at the border in order to improve accessibility of the goods from the producer to the consumer. In other words, geographical location affects communication in terms of how products reach the ultimate

Bureaucratic and Normative Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Bureaucratic and Normative Control - Essay Example Actually hierarchy in general (in the sense of levels of authority) is to be found in any administration which has a certain degree of magnitude and complexity. The feudal type of administration had a complicated hierarchical system. (Davis, 1994, p73) 'There is hierarchy of a social rank corresponding to the hierarchy of fiefs through the process of sub-infatuation...' 6 But the difference between the two kinds of hierarchies, according to Weber, is to be found in the type of authority relations. In the feudal case the relationship between inferior and superior is personal and the legitimating of authority is based on a belief in the sacredness of tradition. In a bureaucracy, authority is legitimised by a belief in the correctness of the rules and the loyalty of the bureaucrat is oriented to an impersonal order, to a superior position, not to the person who holds it. So what makes an administration more or less bureaucratic from the hierarchical point of view is not the number of le vels of authority, or the size of the span of control; the decisive criterion is whether or not the authority relations have a precise and impersonal character, as a result of the elaboration of rational rules. Concerning first the criterion of meaningful adequacy, it does not necessarily make sense to someone that a type of organisation having the Weberian characteristics to an extreme degree should yield maximum efficiency. One could equally well imagine such an organisation as being extremely inefficient. For example, some of these characteristics, even from a common sense point of view, seem to promote administrative inefficiency rather than efficiency (e.g. promotion by seniority). As to the criterion of objective possibility, in the light of the empirical research done since Weber, one can argue that a perfectly rational-efficient organisation having Weber's ideal characteristics is not objectively possible, in the sense that it runs against the known laws of nature -- in this case, against recent empirical findings. Such findings rather indicate that the more accentuated some characteristics of the ideal type are, the more inefficient the organisation becomes. In one sense, a great part of the literature on bureaucracy since Weber

The Inspectors character Essay Example for Free

The Inspectors character Essay In the stage diagram I have tried to show this, and all the movements of the characters. I thought from the actual text of the play, and in the way the plays stage directions are written, that the Inspector is trying to ease into the room so not focus attention on to himself, so it is a surprise for the characters and they dont notice hes there and carry on talking. As far as I can see Gerald is trying to persuade Sheila into believing him, and Sheila is listening, so Gerald is walking forward and Sheila walking backwards. Later in the dialogue Sheilas character becomes more dominating telling Gerald that its not worth it and puts pressure on Gerald. At this point the movements would be reversed Sheila walking forward in control and Gerald retreating away. When the Inspector says Well they turn round to face him; I did this to emphasise the characters shock at the entrance. The Inspectors character will come in slowly. Like Priestlys original stage directions the door will open slowly revealing the Inspector standing in shadow. He will say, Well just as Sheila finishes her dialogue. Then again at the beginning of Act Two he will move forwards and say well. The Inspector will move towards the characters keeping eye contact with Gerald. I think this is a very dramatic entrance and the lighting should reflect this in its dramatic effect. When Gerald and Sheila are talking the lighting should be slightly dim but not dark. As they are talking the lighting should dim until the characters are barely visible. At this point a spotlight should focus on the door at the back of the stage. Then the door should open slowly to show the Inspector in silhouette. He should then say well just as the curtain drops to keep the audience guessing as to who was in the doorway. When the curtain rises again at the beginning of act two the stage should be brightly lit with the door still fully open and the Inspector should be still in shadow until he walks into the light and towards Gerald to say well again. This entrance as a whole has a lot of dramatic impact because it is the Inspector walking in on Gerald admitting to Sheila about Eva Smith or Daisy Renton. In that sense it is also a key point in the play as another person is confessing and another piece of the puzzle of Eva Smith is put into place. The dialogue just before, and immediately after emphasises the dramatic impact of this entrance. After having this conversation with Sheila, Gerald says You dont, neither of us does. So for gods sake dont say anything to the Inspector. To the audience this seems ironic, because Gerald is trying to keep something away from the Inspector, that the Inspector already knows. Later on Sheila says, (rather hysterically) Why you fool he knows. Of course he knows and I hate to think how much he knows that we dont yet. Youll see youll see. This again makes an impact because Sheila is telling Gerald that hes not going to be able to keep anything away from the Inspector and showing him where things stand. Gerald is hoping the Inspector doesnt know anything and hasnt realised, but Sheila has understood he knows and is pulling him back down to earth. This is reflected in the stage directions, which say, she looks at him almost in triumph. He looks crushed. Another sentence that adds enormously to the dramatic impact of this entrance is when the Inspector says well? at the end of Act One and beginning of Act Two. This adds to the dramatic tension because it is the introduction of the Inspector to this scene, and because Geralds secret has been heard, or has it? The audience isnt sure whether the Inspector heard what was said or how long he has been standing there. The audiences attention has been on Gerald and Sheilas conversation so they have no idea about the Inspector this adds more tension. At the beginning of Act Two the Inspector says Well? again but this time it seems more directed as if now he is talking to Gerald personally.

Investigating how the concentration of reactants affects the rate of re

Investigating how the concentration of reactants affects the rate of reaction Chemistry Coursework This experiment is aimed at investigating how the concentration of reactants affects the rate of reaction: The reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium will be used to investigate how different concentrations of the acid affect the rate of reaction. The gas produced from the reaction will be measured and used to display the average rate of reaction. The rate of reaction is a measure of how fast a reaction is going and how long it takes to complete. This rate is found by measuring the amount of a reactant used up per unit of time or the amount of a product produced per unit of time. For this reaction, the product will be measured, as this substance is the easiest and most accurate to measure. Scientific Knowledge: A reaction can be stimulated to go faster or slower by varying the temperature, the concentration of reactant and the surface area. For the magnesium and acid particles to react together, they must: i) Collide with each other ii) Have enough energy in the collision. 1) The particles in the liquid move around continually. Above, an acid particle is about to collide with a magnesium atom. 2) If the collision has enough energy, a reaction takes place. Magnesium chloride and hydrogen will be formed. 3) If the collision does not have enough energy, no reaction occurs and the acid particle will bounce away again. Particles need to collide with enough velocity so that they react. During a chemical reaction, the particles have to collide with enough energy to first break the bonds and then to form the new bonds and the rearranged electrons, so some of the particles do not have enough energy to react when... ...make a reaction take place. (The results from the second experiment were used in order to get a more accurate data collection.) Evaluation: For future experiments, it must be noted that the gas needs to be removed from gas syringe after each test, as this was one of the problems during the investigation. If the excess gas is not removed, the experiment begins and the results are completely out of range. It was felt that this experiment may have been easier with the aid of three people, as this would mean that there were not so many activities fro each person to record or read. In order to get a more accurate result, having recorded the measurements from the experiment, the results should have been averaged, instead of using only one set. For a full conclusion to be confirmed, more tests should have been carried out to provide enough evidence to support the argument.

Should the Uk Leave the Eu?

Nikolai Cremo Understanding the European Union Professor Eiko Thielemann October 14th, 2012 Should the UK remain a member of the European Union? The issue of whether or not the United Kingdom should remain a member of the European Union has been debated heavily over the past decade, with the debate heating up even more from the current European Sovereign Debt Crisis. Recent polls of the UK population showed that around half of the UK’s citizens would vote to pull out of the EU if it went to referendum.However, after all of the economic, political, and social advantages of being a member of the EU are considered, it remains clear that leaving the EU is not in the UK’s best interest. Economically, it does not make sense for the UK to leave the world’s largest trade block considering the EU buys fifty percent of the UK’s exports, at a time when the UK’s current account deficit is at one of its all-time highs.Additionally, the UK would lose its allure a s being a hotspot for Foreign Direct Investment, as they would no longer give companies access to the single market, further contributing to the UK’s growing imbalance of payments. Ultimately this could be detrimental to the value of the British pound, and even worse, cause the UK to lose its position as the financial center of Europe. The UK giving up its decision-making influence in the EU would not likely result in the UK seeing trade polices pass that make this debated exit any easier.From a social perspective the citizens of the UK would lose the highly valued privilege to seamlessly travel, attend school, live, and retire anywhere throughout the EU. After all of these factors are made clear, especially the negative financial factors, the economic impact of a UK exit would triumph over any negative sentiment associated with staying a member of the EU. The most powerful factor marrying the UK to the EU is the undeniable economic dependence the UK has on the world’s largest trading block.The fifty percent of UK exports that goes to the countries of the EU would become much less competitive with trade barriers, which would then raise the necessity for many UK exporters to either lower their prices, or decrease their output to meet the fallen demand of their goods. Additionally, due to the nature of the goods the UK trades with its EU partners, it would not easily substitute this trade with non-EU countries (Oxford 24).According to simple economic theory, this would ultimately decrease the amount of money the UK receives for its exports, as the amount the tariff increases the price of UK goods will ultimately have to be born by the UK company exporting it, and any price increase not born by the UK company will lead to a decrease in exports demanded by the EU. Therefore, a major piece of the British economy would face severe hardship on the basis of the UK not being a member of the free trade block. Another area of the UK’s economy that wo uld be adversely affected by the removal of the EU free trade block is Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) in the UK.The UK is seen as many non-EU countries as the gateway to European market penetration, and this view would ultimately change if the UK left the EU. FDI has an important role in the UK economy, as it has been a consistent source of job growth of 50,000-60,000 jobs a year, while providing protection to another 40,000 jobs each year (Oxford 43). In addition to creating jobs, FDI is known to fuel innovation and competition, as it incorporates the advances in technologies that have been proved successful in other countries.By leaving the EU, the FDI of non-EU countries would relocate their base of operations to European markets to a country within the EU, and out of the UK, and all further FDI intended to reap the gains of the largest trading block would more than likely invest in an EU country. This not only inhibits job growth directly, but also widens the gap of the UKâ₠¬â„¢s balance of payments, which would have to either be filled through issuing more currency (inflation), a devaluation of the currency.Similar to notion that the UK would lose out on FDI, the UK’s position as the financial center of Europe would be inherently weakened by the UK being outside the EU. It is clear that many countries and companies are invested in the UK because of its links to EU, where they have access to 500 million consumers. For starters, companies would move to other financial powerhouses of Europe such as Frankfurt or Brussels, in order to avoid EU tariffs and conform to EU regulations (Oxford 48).Secondly, the EU would implement programs to shift the European financial center to another financial center within their union such Frankfurt or Brussels. Any measures that the UK could take to prevent this would certainly be their best interest, as financial services makes up ten percent of their GDP. Additionally, the portfolio investments that the UK receiv es from being the financial center of Europe would flow out of the country at the same rate as London loses its position as the financial center, and these currently represent a ? 5 billion surplus to the UK balance of payments (Open Europe. This is another crucial piece of the balance of payments within the UK, and would lead to the aforementioned devaluation of the British pound, or inflation, or a combination of both to balance out trade deficit of the country. While the strongest benefits of staying in the EU stem from economic benefits, the political benefits of an influential member of the union are not to be overlooked.Given that UK is in a four way tie of having the highest number of votes in the Council under the Nice Treaty, and their voting power wil be sustained by having the third largest population in the EU once the Libson Treaty comes into effect in late 2014 (Hixx 65). This gives the UK a strong position to influence the long-term goals of the Council, where they wi ll be able to seek compromises with other EU states to pursue legislation that is in the UK’s best interest, and to project the UK’s interests (Open Europe).While if they were outside of the EU, they would not have any ability to directly influence the policies of the EU that have helped them in the past. For example, Tony Blair using his influence in the European Council to launch the Libson Agenda for economic reform, is a example of British intervention that not only benefited the UK, but the entire EU as well (Lake). Additionally, being tied for the second highest number of MEPs in the European Parliament (EP), the UK has an influential role on all of the decisions that go through the EP.Despite the fact the social benefits of EU membership are often overshadowed by the economic and political aspects, the loss of these benefits would negatively impair the freedom of the UK people, and negatively impact UK businesses. The free movement of UK citizens throughout the EU to travel, to attend school, live, and retire. Businesses do not only benefit by having to follow one set of regulations, but also benefit from having a larger source of potential employees to chose from.The EU employment rate in the UK is 3. 3%, while they make 4. 5% of the labor force, which shows that EU citizens have a positive impact on UK GDP (Oxford 34). If the UK were to leave the EU, there is a great possibility that many of the EU workers employed in highly skilled areas that are crucial to the UK economy, such as financial services, would relocate back inside the EU. This again would be another risk of severely impairing the bedrock of the UK economy, and shifting the financial center of Europe outside the UK.Based upon these economic, political, and social advantages of EU membership, it is clear that it is in the UK’s best interest to remain an active member in the EU. The direction of the EU is at another major crossroad as countries pull together to solve th e continents’ Sovereign Debt Crisis. The stance that the UK takes at these crossroads, as the union’s third largest country, is paramount not only to UK’s economic and political prosperity today, but to how UK is seen as a political force and financial hub in the long-term.The UK’s decision to abandon their economic and political partners has strong consequences now while the EU is in a time of hardship, and these consequences will only increase as the EU rises from this crisis. The failure of the UK to invest in their relationship with their European partners has a high probability to be detrimental to the economic wellbeing of the country, especially as these less developed countries are viewed as sources of future growth to the world financial markets.Thus, the British must adopt a more long-term view on their relationship with the EU, a view that they failed to see when declined to partake in the creation of EU by declining Treaties of Paris and Rome (George 32). I’ll conclude with a saying of the philosopher Santayana, which has been noted as a universal truth of investing by father of value investing, Benjamin Graham, that the UK should be reminded of before they further debate if they should opt out of the European integration yet again: â€Å"Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it. † Works Cited Oxford Economics, ed.An Indispensable Relationship: Economic Linkages between the UK and the Rest of the European Union. Rep. London: Business for New Europe, 2009. Print. Booth, Stephen, Christopher Howarth, Matts Persson, and Vincenzo Scarpetta. CONTINENTAL SHIFT: Safeguarding the UK’s Financial Trade in a Changing Europe. Rep. London: Open Europe, 2011. Print. Lake, Michael. Communicating the Lisbon Strategy – a Civic Challenge. Rep. N. p. : n. p. , 2006. Print. George, Stephen. â€Å"The Background: Britain and Europe, 1945-1973. †Ã‚  An Awkward Partner: Britain in the Eur opean Community. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1998. N. pag. Print.

An Overview of Game Theory in Sociology

Game theory is a theory of social interaction, which attempts to explain the interaction people have with one another. As the name of the theory suggests, game theory sees human interaction as just that: a game. John Nash, the mathematician who was featured in the movie A Beautiful Mind is one of the inventors of game theory along with mathematician John von Neumann. How Was Game Theory Developed? Game theory was originally an economic and mathematical theory that predicted that human interaction had the characteristics of a game, including strategies, winners and losers, rewards and punishment, and profits and cost. It was initially developed to understand a large variety of economic behaviors, including behavior of firms, markets, and consumers. The use of the game theory has since expanded in the social sciences and has been applied to political, sociological, and psychological behaviors as well. Game theory was first used to describe and model how human populations behave. Some scholars believe that they can actually predict how actual human populations will behave when confronted with situations analogous to the game being studied. This particular view of game theory has been criticized because the assumptions made by the game theorists are often violated. For example, they assume that players always act in a way to directly maximize their wins, when in reality this is not always true. Altruistic and philanthropic behavior would not fit this model. Example of Game Theory We can use the interaction of asking someone out for a date as a simple example of game theory and how there are game-like aspects involved. If you are asking someone out on a date, you will probably have some kind of strategy to â€Å"win† (having the other person agree to go out with you) and â€Å"get rewarded† (have a good time) at a minimal â€Å"cost† to you (you don’t want to spend a large amount of money on the date or do not want to have an unpleasant interaction on the date). Elements of a Game There are three main elements of a game: The playersThe strategies of each playerThe consequences (payoffs) for each player for every possible profile of strategy choices of all players Types of Games There are several different kinds of games that are studies using game theory: Zero-sum game: The players’ interests are in direct conflict with one another. For example, in football, one team wins and the other team loses. If a win equals 1 and a loss equals -1, the sum is zero.Non-zero sum game: The players’ interests are not always in direct conflict, so that there are opportunities for both to gain. For example, when both players choose â€Å"don’t confess† in Prisoner’s Dilemma (see below).Simultaneous move games: Players choose actions simultaneously. For example, in the Prisoner’s Dilemma (see below), each player must anticipate what their opponent is doing at that moment, recognizing that the opponent is doing the same.Sequential move games: Players choose their actions in a particular sequence. For example, in chess or in bargaining/negotiating situations, the player must look ahead in order to know what action to choose now.One-shot games: The play of the game occurs only once. Here, the players are likely to not know much about each other. For example, tipping a waiter on your vacation.Repeated games: The play of the game is repeated with the same players. Prisoner’s Dilemma The prisoner’s dilemma is one of the most popular games studied in game theory that has been portrayed in countless movies and crime television shows. The prisoner’s dilemma shows why two individuals might not agree, even if it appears that it is best to agree. In this scenario, two partners in crime are separated into separate rooms at the police station and given a similar deal. If one testifies against his partner and the partner stays quiet, the betrayer goes free and the partner receives the full sentence (ex: ten years). If both remain silent, both are sentences for a short time in jail (ex: one year) or for a minor charge. If each testifies against the other, each receives a moderate sentence (ex: three years). Each prisoner must choose to either betray or remain silent, and the decision of each is kept from the other. The prisoner’s dilemma can be applied to many other social situations, too, from political science to law to psychology to advertising. Take, for example, the issue of women wearing make-up. Each day across America, several million woman-hours are devoted to an activity with questionable benefit for society. Foregoing makeup would free up fifteen to thirty minutes for each woman every morning. However, if no one wore makeup, there would be great temptation for any one woman to gain an advantage over others by breaking the norm and using mascara, blush, and concealer to hide imperfections and enhance her natural beauty. Once a critical mass wears makeup, the average facade of female beauty is artificially made greater. Not wearing makeup means foregoing the artificial enhancement to beauty. Your beauty relative to what is perceived as average would decrease. Most women therefore wear makeup and what we end up with is a situation that is not ideal for the whole or for the indivi duals, but is based on rational choices by each individual. Assumptions Game Theorists Make The payoffs are known and fixed.All players behave rationally.The rules of the game are common knowledge. Resources and Further Reading Duffy, J. (2010) Lecture Notes: Elements of a Game. http://www.pitt.edu/~jduffy/econ1200/Lect01_Slides.pdfAndersen, M.L and Taylor, H.F. (2009). Sociology: The Essentials. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.